Girl frozen in time may hold key to ageing

American scientists are keenly studying the DNA of a 17-year-old girl who still
has the body and behaviour of a baby

This 21’st century Peter Pan has defied scientists .A genetic condition (Anageria) opposite to progeria which some speculate Paris Hilton and many other women and MEN will kill for ! Brooke Greenberg is a miracle.

Scientists are hoping to gain new insights into the mysteries of ageing by
sequencing the genome of a 17-year-old girl who has the body and
behaviour
of a tiny toddler.

PHOTO:Brooke Greenberg “baby”, then aged 9, with sister Carly who was 6

Brooke Greenberg is old enough to drive a car and next year will be old
enough
to vote — but at 16lb in weight and just 30in tall, she is still the
size of
a one-year-old.

Until recently she had been regarded as a medical oddity but a
preliminary
study of her DNA has suggested her failure to grow could be linked to
defects in the genes that make the rest of humanity grow old.

If confirmed, the research could give scientists a fresh understanding
of
ageing and even suggest new therapies for diseases linked to old age.

“We think that Brooke’s condition presents us with a unique opportunity to
understand the process of ageing,” said Richard Walker, a professor at
the
University of South Florida School of Medicine, who is leading the
research
team.

“We think that she has a mutation in the genes that control her ageing
and
development so that she appears to have been frozen in time.

“If we can compare her genome to the normal version then we might be
able to
find those genes and see exactly what they do and how to control them.”

Such research will be the focus of a conference at the Royal Society in
London
this week to be attended by some of the world’s leading age researchers.

It follows a series of scientific breakthroughs showing that the life
span of
many animals can be dramatically extended by making minute changes in
single
genes.

The work began with tiny worms known as C elegans, which normally live
for
only about a fortnight. Researchers have been able to extend their life
span
by up to 10 weeks by making small changes in certain genes.

Scientists have gone on to discover that mutating the same genes in mice
had
the same effect.

“Mice are genetically very close to humans,” said Cynthia Kenyon,
professor of
biochemistry at the University of California, San Francisco, who is a
key
speaker at the Royal Society.

“The implication is that ageing is controlled by a relatively small
number of
genes and that we might be able to target these with new therapies that
would improve the quality and length of human life.”

The laboratory findings have been supported by research into humans,
focusing
on families whose members are long-lived. In one recent study Eline
Slagboom, professor of molecular epidemiology at Leiden University,
Holland,
collected data on 30,500 people in 500 long-lived families to find the
metabolic and genetic factors that make them special.

“Such people simply age slower than the rest of us,” she said. “Their
skin is
better, they have less risk of diseases of old age like diabetes, heart
disease and hypertension and their ability to metabolise lipids and
other
nutrients is better. The question is: what is controlling all these
different manifestations of slow ageing?

“So far, the evidence suggests that there could be just a few key genes
in
charge of it all. If we can find out where they are and how they work,
it
opens the way to new therapies against the diseases of ageing that could

work in all of us.”

Walker and other researchers, including Kenyon, believe that finding the
cause
of Brooke Greenberg’s condition could be one way to pinpoint some of
those
genes.

Superficially, Brooke, who lives with her parents Howard and Melanie
Greenberg
and her three sisters in Reisterstown, a Baltimore suburb, is frozen in
time. She looks and acts as if she were a small toddler — for 17 years
her
family has changed her nappies, rocked her to sleep and given her
cuddles.

Brooke has shown some development, including crawling, smiling and
giggling
when tickled but she has never learnt to speak and still has her infant
teeth.

But she has also suffered a succession of life-threatening health
problems,
including strokes, seizures, ulcers and breathing difficulties — almost
as
if she were growing old despite not growing up.

Howard Greenberg, Brooke’s father, said he wanted the genome research
carried
out in the hope it might help others.

He said: “Brooke is just a wonderful child. She is very pure. She still
babbles just like a 6 month old baby but she still communicates and we
always know just what she means.”

Walker and his colleagues, who are working with Brooke’s parents to
ensure she
benefits from any research findings, have just published a research
paper
which suggests that in reality some parts of her body have indeed aged —
but
slowly and all at different rates.

“Our hypothesis is that she is suffering from damage in the gene or
genes that
co-ordinate the way the body develops and ages,” he said.

“If we can use her DNA to find that mutant gene then we can test it in
laboratory animals to see if we can switch if off and slow down the
ageing
process at will.

“Just possibly it could give us an opportunity to answer the question of
why
we are mortal.”

Jerly Lyngdoh: World’s oldest baby:

Surgeons and pediatricians in India have been puzzled after discovering a 26-year-old man trapped inside the body and mind of a child aged between one and two years.Jerly Lyngdoh – who is still dressed in baby clothes by his parents – has a head circumference that babies 9-12 months old have, measures 84 cm like any two-year-old and weighs 22 pounds.

“Jerly’s infantile features are remarkable, and the only things he shares with an adult are his teeth,” Dr. J. Ryndong told the Hindustan Times.

According to the pediatrician, Lyngdoh suffers from poor secretion of growth hormones from the pituitary gland.

“His is a case opposite to progeria, which means advanced ageing, and we have reasons to say Jerly is a rarity,” Ryndong added. He ruled out the genetic factor, since all six of Jerly’s siblings have no physical or mental disability.

“We also plan to seek expertise from the medical world beyond to crack Jerly’s case,” the doctor said.